Salesforce exceptions and possible solutions

 Salesforce, being a complex platform, can encounter various exceptions or errors. Here are some common Salesforce exceptions and possible solutions:

1. NullPointerException:

   • Cause: Trying to access or manipulate an object that is null.
   • Solution: Ensure that the object is initialized before performing any operations on it. Use conditional statements to check for null values.

2. QueryException:

   • Cause: Issues with SOQL (Salesforce Object Query Language) queries.
   • Solution: Verify the syntax of your SOQL query. Ensure that field names, object names, and relationships are accurate. Also, be mindful of governor limits related to queries.

3. DMLException:

   • Cause: Errors during Database Manipulation Language operations (insert, update, delete, undelete).
   • Solution: Wrap DML operations in try-catch blocks to catch exceptions. Check for validation rules, triggers, and workflow rules that might be causing the issue.

4. LimitException:

   • Cause: Exceeding governor limits imposed by Salesforce.
   • Solution: Review and optimize your code to avoid hitting limits. Use asynchronous processing, bulk processing, and implement best practices to minimize resource consumption.

5. CalloutException:

   • Cause: Errors during web service callouts.
   • Solution: Ensure that the external service is reachable and the request format is correct. Handle exceptions and implement retry mechanisms for callouts.

6. Apex CPU Time Limit Exceeded:

   • Cause: Apex code exceeding the CPU time limit.
   • Solution: Optimize your code, use bulk processing, and consider moving complex operations to asynchronous processing (such as batch Apex or future methods).

7. System.LimitException: Too many SOQL queries: 101:

   • Cause: Exceeding the limit of 100 SOQL queries in a single transaction.
   • Solution: Optimize your code to reduce the number of queries. Consider using relationships and aggregate queries to retrieve data more efficiently.

8. System.QueryException: Non-selective query against large object type:

   • Cause: Performing a non-selective query on a large object.
   • Solution: Index fields used in WHERE clauses to make queries selective. Consider using custom indexing for large objects.

9. System.DmlException: Insert failed: FIRST_EXCEPTION: ...:

   • Cause: Validation rule, trigger, or workflow rule preventing the record from being inserted.
   • Solution: Identify and address the issue in your validation rules, triggers, or workflow rules that is blocking the record insertion.

10. System.AsyncException: Future method cannot be called from a future or batch method:

    • Cause: Trying to call a future method from another future method or batch method.
    • Solution: Ensure that you are not making asynchronous calls from within asynchronous methods. Restructure your code to avoid such scenarios.